UB-105 Chemical Warfare Agent Imitator Munitions in Ukraine

Patrick Senft Since the full-scale invasion of Ukraine in 2022, munitions containing chemical payloads have frequently been documented on the battlefields of that country. Most of these weapons are hand-grenade-type munitions delivering an irritant agent—i.e., a payload generally regarded as less-lethal. Such munitions have generally been used to dislodge enemy forces from entrenched  fighting positions,

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