This post accompanies the seventeenth in a series of collaborative videos produced with ARES Researcher Ian McCollum, who also runs the Forgotten Weapons blog and YouTube channel. Using access to unique collections facilitated by ARES, this series of videos will examine a range of interesting weapons over the coming months. Each video will be accompanied by a blog post, here on The Hoplite, and supported by high quality reference photographs. – Ed.
Important Note: Manufacture, or even attempted manufacture, of an unlicenced firearm is a serious crime in many jurisdictions around the world. In addition, even possessing copies (hard or soft) of Luty’s designs and instructions could be deemed criminal under certain circumstances. Would-be firearms designers should take note of and abide by relevant national and local laws. Please note that this post is provided for educational purposes only. ARES is an apolitical organisation.
Jonathan Ferguson
The weapons featured in the video above are the original examples of what the designer, Philip A. Luty of West Yorkshire (UK) dubbed simply ‘The 9mm Submachine Gun’. This was part of a series of designs that Luty called ‘Expedient Homemade Firearms’ (also the title of his series of instructional books, published by the US-based Paladin Press). It made extensive use of folded sheet metal, machined bar stock, and household ‘DIY’ items such as washers and ‘Allen’ (hex) screws. Even parts which may be considered readily-available in many states, such as the pistol grip and magazine, were scratch-built. As a result however, no attempt has been made at barrel rifling, a shoulder stock, or the provision of even basic ‘iron’ sights. This, together with a lack of factory-style tools and test equipment, resulting in sub-optimal quality control, is likely to seriously compromise the capability of the weapon. Blowback sub-machine guns may be simple and cheap to produce, but they are highly sensitive to internal geometry and details of magazine design in particular. The capabilities of these two examples, one of which is fitted with a simple sound suppressor, are therefore unclear. Luty’s very conviction shows that at least one of them did constitute a firearm by the standard of English law, but reliable functioning would not be necessary to prove this legal point.
Luty’s clear — indeed, his stated — intent was to make a political point on the subject of gun control. If a firearm could be manufactured entirely from scratch using commonly available materials, then anyone with the requisite skill would be able to bypass national or local firearms law and restrictions on sale. This was also the motivation of US-based Defense Distributed when they released their own ‘open source’ craft-produced ‘Liberator’ pistol in 2013, relying on 3D printing technologies. The important difference (arguments over the control of information notwithstanding) is that it was quite legal under US Federal and local law for DD to manufacture and test-fire their prototypes. Unfortunately, Luty manufactured and test-fired his prototypes illicitly. In fact, this seems to have been quite deliberate; unsurprisingly, he soon ran afoul of local law enforcement. Luty’s case came to court in 1998. There he admitted manufacture of a prohibited weapon and possession of ammunition, was convicted, and received a sentence of four years in prison. Several further developments in Luty’s case were reported in the local press.
Readers/viewers should not assume that Luty’s efforts have made homemade firearms easy to produce. In fact, they remain quite sophisticated pieces of engineering. Despite Luty’s label of ‘expedient’, his guns are in fact true ‘craft-produced’ weapons, replicating the features (if not the quality, accuracy or reliability) of an original-purpose firearm. For this reason they require considerable skill to replicate successfully. Further, the manufacturer must also obtain quantities of suitable ammunition. In any case, although Luty pattern weapons have appeared in other parts of the world (for example in Romania and Australia), criminals in the UK do not appear to have made any great use of them.
Technical Specifications
Calibre: 9 x 19 mm
Overall length: 538 mm
Barrel length: 229 mm
Weight (unloaded w/ empty magazine): 3.52 kg
Feed device: detachable box magazine
Stay tuned to The Hoplite for the release of a forthcoming Small Arms Survey paper examining the global production and use of improvised and craft-produced small arms and light weapons, authored by ARES personnel – Ed.
Special thanks to the National Firearms Centre at the Royal Armouries, who graciously allowed us access to their world-class collection for this and other videos and photos.
Remember, all arms and munitions are dangerous. Treat all firearms as if they are loaded, and all munitions as if they are live, until you have personally confirmed otherwise. If you do not have specialist knowledge, never assume that arms or munitions are safe to handle until they have been inspected by a subject matter specialist. You should not approach, handle, move, operate, or modify arms and munitions unless explicitly trained to do so. If you encounter any unexploded ordnance (UXO) or explosive remnants of war (ERW), always remember the ‘ARMS’ acronym:
AVOID the area
RECORD all relevant information
MARK the area to warn others
SEEK assistance from the relevant authorities
“Stay tuned to The Hoplite for the release of a forthcoming Small Arms Survey paper examining the global production and use of improvised and craft-produced small arms and light weapons, authored by ARES personnel ”
I greatly look forward to it! For many reasons, this entire subject fascinates me and has for many years. Additional information is always welcome.
Glad to hear it! Stay tuned, and we will post details as soon as it is released. There are also several other articles on The Hoplite which cover improvised and craft-produced weapons.
Just got here from Forgotten Weapons link. Looks like a cool series and look forward to the paper, it’s always interesting to see the sorts of things people dream up and craft. Glad ARES and Ian could hook up for the production.
Thank you for the kind words. We will post links to the paper on The Hoplite as soon as it is released.
Criminals in the UK have a steady supply of scorpion machine pistols, they were actually brought in by a politcal party councillor and sold to gangs. You’ll find most illegal arms deals involve a politician of some kind somewhere.
Thank you for your great article.
“ARES is an apolitical organization. ”
Unfortunately firearms are ALWAYS political as the liberty
of a citizen to be armed for his/her defense or the preventing
of same is always an excellent barometer for the level of
personal freedom in a society. Statist societies like the UK
or totalitarian states like North Korea…no guns for you…
It is a truism in the USA that a politicians stance on the 2nd
Amendment is ALWAYS a good measure of who they view
civil liberties in other areas. I sympathize with ARES but…
As much as I support gun rights, your penultimate sentence is a load of crap. See: Politicians’ stances on sexual rights (sodomy laws, sex toy bans, “obscenity” bans, commercial sex work, etc.), flag burning, the freedom of citizens to choose what mind-altering substances they wish to put into their own bodies . . .
A politician’s stance on the right to keep and bear arms is a good (but still not perfect) predictor of their stance on other civil liberties for which support is associated with the “right-wing” side of simplistic culture wars, in which most people’s views on a wide variety of issues are determined more by tribal allegiance than by careful reflection on the moral and philosophical issues at stake in each matter. It’s also a *tolerable* predictor (but in the opposite direction!) of their stance on other civil liberties for which support is associated with the “left-wing” side of those same culture wars.
As an ex armourer, I find Ian McCollum, ARES and the forgotten weapons series, both informative and interesting. Keep up the good work.
Aden,
Thanks for the kind words! We are working on more new and interesting content right now. Stay tuned.
How much does it cost to produce a Luty? I can’t find this information anywhere I was curious about the price difference between that and a factory made smg of a similar kind would be.
Materials can obviously be very cheap, the primary factor would be how a producer values his or her labour.
Here’s something I’m curious about. The video mentioned that it lacks rifling, correct? Well, is it possible to add rifling into the barrel, make it so it is more accurate?
Yes, rifling can be added by ‘home gunsmiths’, but it requires specialised tooling and some skill. In some cases, manufacturers of craft-produced firearms have also used repurposed factory-made barrel. See, for example, our articles on Kurdish YPG or Houthi anti-materiel rifles, which use industrially-produced barrels taken from heavy machine guns or cannon.
look up salt water electro-rifling
hell yeah!
i came from forgotten weapons and ur work is interesting i definetly stay tuned on ur stuff
Hi everyone who’s here because of the autistic german weeb and his shitty Luty lol.
Don’t do anime, kids.
Informative article since the recent attack on a Synagogue in Germany involved a Luty SMG which functioned briefly before failing.
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